On 26 December 1914, the formations of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) had been re-organised into two Armies - reflecting its slow recovery from the intense fighting of October-November and the increase in the scale of forces now available to it: First Army was commanded by Sir Douglas Haig and Second Army by General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien. Second Army's II and V Corps covered the Ypres Salient in April 1915.

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